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The three patients are unnamed but their medical conditions represent the commonest diagnoses identified in the admission books of the hospital during this period- arthritis, paralysis and skin disease.

The two figures seated at the table depict the senior surgeon Jeremiah Peirce examining a patient's pulse whilst his physician colleague, Dr William Oliver, makes notes. Behind them to the right, a plan and elevation of the hospital hangs on the wall. A similar plan still hangs in the hospital.